Python

Install

We will not be using Python that get added by installing the command-line tools with xcode-select --install. i.e., /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 Instead we will install latest Python3 and pip3 via brew

Apple does not include Python3 in the MacOS Sonoma distribution, but it get added when installing the command-line tools with: xcode-select --install

install Python 3:

brew install python

Configure

Unversioned symlinks python, python-config, pip etc. pointing to python3, python3-config, pip3 etc., respectively, have been installed into $(brew --prefix python)/libexec/bin e.g., /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.11/libexec/bin

Make sure you added export PATH=$(brew --prefix python)/libexec/bin:$PATH to ~/my/paths.zsh

You can install Python packages with pip3 install <package>

They will install into the site-package directory /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.11/site-packages

Pipenv & Virtual Environments

The next step is to install Pipenv, so you can install dependencies and manage virtual environments.

pipenv is a tool that combines virtualenv with pip, the Python package manager. you no longer use them separately. It is designed to be more user-friendly than using virtualenv and pip separately.

A Virtual Environment is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them. It solves the Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x dilemma, and keeps your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.

Use brew to install Pipenv:

brew install pipenv

Upgrade

brew update
brew upgrade python  pipenv

Usage

python --version
pip --version
# (or)
pip3 --version
python3 --version

pip install httpie
pip list
pip show pip

Optional

# for ML
pip install scipy
pip install matplotlib

Installing packages for your project

Pipenv manages dependencies on a per-project basis. To install packages, change into your project’s directory (or just an empty directory for this tutorial) and run:

cd project_folder
# Install from Pipfile, if there is one:
pipenv install

To install a Python package for your project

# This will install the excellent `Requests` library and 
# creates a Pipfile for you in your project’s directory if not already present
pipenv install requests
# Or Specifying Versions of a Package
pipenv install requests==2.13.0
# Importing from requirements.txt
pipenv install -r path/to/requirements.txt
# Pipenv will let you keep the two environments separate using the --dev flag. For example:
pipenv install --dev nose2

# Pipenv Upgrade Workflow
pipenv update --outdated
# Checks for PyUp Safety security vulnerabilities
pipenv check
# To create a new virtualenv, using a specific version of Python you have installed
pipenv --python 3.12
# Activate Virtual Environment
pipenv shell

Generally, keep both Pipfile and Pipfile.lock in version control.

Running your code

pipenv run python rock.py
# (Or) You can activate the virtual environment then run the file
pipenv shell
python rock.py